Fibonacci

Fibonacci, the celebrated mathematician of medieval Pisa born around 1170, learned the art of Indian numerals in the North African port of Bugia and carried the Hindu-Arabic number system into Europe with his Liber Abaci of 1202, whose rabbit problem introduced the sequence that bears his name. He solved the challenge problems of Emperor Frederick II's court, and history ranks him the major contributor to number theory between Diophantus and Fermat.

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